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Solution to question 10.1

First we need to calculate the expected values:

Expected values.
Radiographer 2
Unacceptable Acceptable Total
Radiographer 1 Unacceptable 13·3 50·7 64
Acceptable 36·7 140·3 177
Total 50 191 241

So the observed proportion of agreement was:

(31 + 158) ÷ 241 = 0·784

And the expected proportion of agreement was:

(13·3 + 140·3) ÷ 241 = 0·637

So, using the formula:

Formula for kappa

We get:

κ = (0·784 - 0·637) ÷ (1 - 0·637) = 0·40

Referring to the table in the lecture notes we can see that this value of κ indicates that there is fair agreement between the two radiographers.

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